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<h6>来源：http://www.secondhandfilm.com??发布时间：2019-11-26 08:54??浏览量：<script src="/unit/count.php?view=yes&aid=64&mid=1"type='text/javascript' language="javascript"></script><a href="/xyzx/" class="back">返回列表</a></h6> <div class="news_con"> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 凸曲台件在日常生活中应用广泛,如灯罩、餐具和装饰件等,是研究板料渐进成形规律的基础零件之一。与凸曲台件的传统成形工艺(拉深和旋压)相比,采用渐进成形工艺无需专用模具,且自动化程度高、成形质量好,能得到壁厚相对均匀的零件<citation id="90" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" type="reference"><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">[1,2,3,4]</span></citation>。目前,国内外学者对凸曲台件外轮廓支撑渐进成形的研究较少,没有形成系统的研究成果,需要通过物理实验方法和数值模拟方法相结合,作进一步研究<citation id="91" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" type="reference"><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">[5,6,7]</span></citation>。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="2" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 本文以凸曲台件为研究对象,对外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的成形过程进行有限元模拟分析,探究不同成形工艺参数对外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件壁厚均匀临界成形角的影响,确定壁厚均匀临界成形角。并对比采用单道次和多道次两种方法成形大切角凸曲台件的壁厚分布情况,为复杂凸曲面零件的渐进成形提供理论依据<citation id="92" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" type="reference"><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">[8,9,10]</span></citation>,尤其是对壁厚均匀程度有着严格要求的工业用件,如用于压力容器端部的凸形封头。</p> </div> <h3 class="anchor-tag" id="3" name="3" style="padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px 20px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: middle; width: 1474.39px; color: rgb(64, 146, 214); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(64, 146, 214);"> 1 有限元模型的建立</h3> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="4" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件,对外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的成形过程进行数值模拟,成形过程示意图如图1所示,其中,D<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">1</span>、D<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>分别为凸曲台件口径和底部直径,ΔZ为成形过程中工具头的轴向进给量。并根据图1建立有限元模型,如图2所示。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="5" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图1 外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件成形过程示意图" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_00500.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图1 外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件成形过程示意图下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.1 Schematic diagram of forming process for convex curved part with outer contour support in incremental forming</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="6" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图2 有限元模型" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_00600.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图2 有限元模型下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.2 Finite element model</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="7" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 其中,板料采用SHELL163显示壳单元,工具头、压板和外轮廓支撑板采用SOLID164显示实体单元;板料采用Belystchko-Wong-Chiang单元算法并选用Barlat 3参数屈服模型作为非线性材料模型,其他材料模型选用刚体模型;为了方便节点的选取,板料和工具头模型采用映射法划分网格,网格尺寸均为2 mm,压板和外轮廓支撑板采用扫掠式网格划分,网格尺寸为5 mm;接触定义采用罚函数法,成形工具头和板料之间、板料与压板支撑板之间的接触都采用面面接触类型,均属于边界摩擦类型,设定板料与成形工具头之间的摩擦系数为0.15,板料与压板和支撑板之间的摩擦系数为0.8<citation id="93" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" type="reference"><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">[11]</span></citation>。</p> </div> <h3 class="anchor-tag" id="8" name="8" style="padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px 20px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: middle; width: 1474.39px; color: rgb(64, 146, 214); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(64, 146, 214);"> 2 壁厚均匀临界成形角</h3> <h4 class="anchor-tag" id="9" name="9" style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px -10px 20px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; width: 1474.39px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 30px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"> 2.1 凸曲台件的定义</h4> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="10" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 在工业生产中,母线是曲线的钣金件十分常见,其母线上每一点都有相对应的切点和切角。设曲面件母线上的起始点切角为θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">1</span>、末端切点切角为θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>,如图3所示,当θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">1</span>>θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span>时曲面件为凸曲台件,且随着成形深度增加,凸曲台件的成形角度逐渐减小。对于凸曲台件而言,其成形范围为0°≤θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">2</span><θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">1</span>≤90°。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="11" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图3 凸曲台件示意图" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_01100.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图3 凸曲台件示意图下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.3 Schematic diagrams of convex curved parts</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)定义图(b)极限状态图</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)Definition diagram(b)Limit state diagram</p> </div> <h4 class="anchor-tag" id="12" name="12" style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px -10px 20px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; width: 1474.39px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 30px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"> 2.2 凸曲台件理论壁厚值</h4> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="13" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 在外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的过程中,假设板料上的质点在径向方向上的位置保持不变,即板料上任意点的径向位置在变形前、后不产生位移,质点仅发生轴向运动。如图4所示,所选区域初始板料轮廓之间的切角为θ,称为凸曲台件的成形角,取原始厚度板料上宽为dx的微小单元abcd,变形后为厚度t的微小单元a'b'c'd',根据塑性变形中体积不变条件,可得:</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="14" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <div class="imgformula" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; width: 1552px;"> <img alt="" class="pFormula" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_01400.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -20px; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; max-width: 80%; display: inline-block; height: 66px;" /> <p class="formula_seq" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="15" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 式中:t<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">0</span>为板料初始厚度,mm;t为成形后板料厚度,mm;S为成形后凸曲台件的凸曲面面积,mm<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">2</span>,可由UG中测量面命令测量得知。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="16" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 根据式(1)所得的壁厚值即为外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件壁厚的理论值。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="17" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图4 板料渐进成形凸曲台件变形过程示意图" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_01700.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图4 板料渐进成形凸曲台件变形过程示意图下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.4 Schematic diagram of deformation process of sheet metal for convex curved part in incremental forming</p> </div> <h4 class="anchor-tag" id="18" name="18" style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px -10px 20px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; width: 1474.39px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 30px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"> 2.3 临界成形角的定义</h4> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="19" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 如图5所示,在凸曲台件成形开始阶段,由于未参与变形的板料边缘及凸曲台件底部存在弯曲变形和弹性变形,导致这两个区域的材料很难发生塑性变形,即为微变形区;随着板料成形过程的进行,板料的变形趋于稳定,出现稳定变形区;在微变形区和稳定变形区之间,由于板料受到向下的拉应力而会出现一段壁厚剧减的区域,即过渡变形区。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="20" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图5 凸曲台件壁厚分布" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_02000.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图5 凸曲台件壁厚分布下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.5 Wall thickness distribution of convex curved part</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="21" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 设定稳定变形区域的壁厚值T与理论壁厚值t之间满足:</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="22" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <div class="imgformula" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; width: 1552px;"> <img alt="" class="pFormula" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_02200.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -20px; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; max-width: 80%; display: inline-block; height: 34.5px;" /> <p class="formula_seq" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="23" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 根据式(2)对外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件壁厚均匀临界成形角进行定义:采用外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件,当成形角为θ时,成形后的制件稳定变形区的壁厚满足式(2);而当成形角为(θ+1°)时,成形后的制件壁厚不满足式(2),则此时的成形角θ即为壁厚均匀临界成形角,记作θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">均匀</span>。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="24" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 设计如图6所示的凸曲台件,其中,R为凸曲台件曲面部分圆弧的半径,R不同,成形角θ亦不同。利用所建立的有限元模型对凸曲台件的成形过程进行数值模拟和实验,其中,材料为0.84 mm厚的1060铝板,轴向进给量为0.5 mm,成形工具头直径为Φ10 mm。并对模拟和实验结果进行后处理。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="25" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图6 目标制件示意图" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_02500.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图6 目标制件示意图下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.6 Schematic diagram of target part</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="26" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 根据数值模拟和实验结果可知,外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的壁厚均匀临界成形角θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">均匀</span>=52°,θ=52°时凸曲台件的壁厚分布云图、实物图和单元壁厚分布情况如图7所示。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="27" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 图7a和图7b分别为外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的有限元壁厚分布云图和实物图。从图7c中可以看出,实验和模拟所得制件的壁厚分布情况基本吻合,且稳定变形区的壁厚值均在壁厚均匀范围以内,未出现薄壁区域。而当θ=53°时,所得制件的壁厚分布云图、实物图和单元厚度分布情况如图8所示。从图8中可以看出,模拟和实验所得制件的壁厚最小值出现在理论壁厚下限值以下,不满足式(2)要求。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="28" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 因此,对于板料厚度为0.84 mm的1060铝板,运用外轮廓支撑单道次渐进成形凸曲台件,当轴向进给量为0.5 mm、成形工具头直径为Φ10 mm时,凸曲台件壁厚均匀临界成形角为θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">均匀</span>=52°,即只要成形角不大于52°,就可以通过单道次渐进成形直接成形出壁厚均匀的凸曲台件。</p> </div> <h3 class="anchor-tag" id="29" name="29" style="padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px 20px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: middle; width: 1474.39px; color: rgb(64, 146, 214); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(64, 146, 214);"> 3 壁厚均匀临界成形角的影响因素</h3> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="30" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 外轮廓支撑单道次渐进成形凸曲台件的壁厚分布受到各个成形工艺参数的影响,本文采用数值模拟方法研究板料厚度、轴向进给量和成形工具头直径3个工艺参数对凸曲台件壁厚均匀临界成形角的影响。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="31" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图7 成形角θ=52°时凸曲台件壁厚分布情况" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_03100.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图7 成形角θ=52°时凸曲台件壁厚分布情况下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.7 Wall thickness distribution of convex curved part with forming angleθ=52°</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)壁厚分布云图(b)凸曲台件实物图(c)单元壁厚分布</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)Distribution nephogram of wall thickness(b)Physical picture of convex curved part(c)Wall thickness distribution of element</p> </div> <h4 class="anchor-tag" id="33" name="33" style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px -10px 20px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; width: 1474.39px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 30px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"> 3.1 板料厚度</h4> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="34" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 分别采用厚度为0.64,0.84,1.00,1.30和1.50 mm的1060铝板设计凸曲台件。成形工具头直径为Φ10 mm,轴向进给量为0.50 mm。根据前文可知,当板料厚度为0.84 mm时,凸曲台件的壁厚均匀临界成形角为52°。不同厚度的板料所对应的临界成形角如表1所示。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="35" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 从表1可以看出,外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的壁厚均匀临界成形角随着板料厚度的增加而逐渐增大。</p> </div> <h4 class="anchor-tag" id="36" name="36" style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px -10px 20px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; width: 1474.39px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 30px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"> 3.2 轴向进给量</h4> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="37" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 采用板料厚度为0.84 mm的1060铝板设计的凸曲台件成形路径,如图4所示。成形工具头直径为Φ10 mm,轴向进给量分别采用0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00和1.25 mm。由前文可知,当轴向进给量为0.50 mm时,外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的壁厚均匀临界成形角为52°。不同轴向进给量对应的临界成形角如表2所示。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="38" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图8 成形角θ=53°时凸曲台件壁厚分布情况" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_03800.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图8 成形角θ=53°时凸曲台件壁厚分布情况下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.8 Wall thickness distribution of convex curved part with forming angleθ=53°</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)壁厚分布云图(b)凸曲台件实物图(c)单元壁厚分布</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)Distribution nephogram of wall thickness(b)Physical picture of convex curved part(c)Wall thickness distribution of element</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="40" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 表1 不同板料厚度对应的临界成形角下载原表</p> <img alt="表1 不同板料厚度对应的临界成形角" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_04000.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /></div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="42" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 从表2可以看出,外轮廓支撑单道次渐进成形凸曲台件,随着轴向进给量的增加,临界角变化不大,即轴向进给量的变化对临界角基本无影响。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="43" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 表2 不同轴向进给量对应的临界成形角下载原表</p> <img alt="表2 不同轴向进给量对应的临界成形角" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_04300.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /></div> <h4 class="anchor-tag" id="44" name="44" style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px -10px 20px; font-size: 17px; font-weight: normal; width: 1474.39px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 30px; font-family: 微软雅黑; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"> 3.3 工具头直径</h4> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="45" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 采用板料厚度为0.84 mm的1060铝板设计的凸曲台件成形路径,如图4所示。轴向进给量为0.5 mm,成形工具头直径分别采用Φ6,Φ8,Φ10,Φ12和Φ14 mm。由前文可知,当成形工具头直径为Φ10 mm时,外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的壁厚均匀临界成形角为52°。不同成形工具头直径对应的临界成形角如表3所示。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="46" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 表3 不同成形工具头直径对应的临界成形角下载原表</p> <img alt="表3 不同成形工具头直径对应的临界成形角" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_04600.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /></div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="47" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 从表3可以看出,外轮廓支撑渐进成形凸曲台件的壁厚均匀临界成形角随着成形工具头直径的增加而逐渐减小。</p> </div> <h3 class="anchor-tag" id="48" name="48" style="padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px 20px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: middle; width: 1474.39px; color: rgb(64, 146, 214); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(64, 146, 214);"> 4 多道次渐进成形大切角凸曲台件</h3> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="49" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 由前文可知,当凸曲台件成形角θ大于壁厚均匀临界成形角时,即称为大切角凸曲台件,采用单道次外轮廓支撑渐进成形,所得到的制件壁厚不均匀,因此,需要合理设计多道次成形路径,防止出现减薄和下沉现象。为了解决下沉现象,设计路径时需考虑对后续道次成形后的下沉量补偿,即合理调整前一道次的成形深度<citation id="94" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" type="reference"><span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">[12]</span></citation>。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="50" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 以成形切角θ=65°为例,设计凸曲台件的2道次和3道次渐进成形路径如图9所示。其中2道次渐进成形均采用自上而下的成形方式;3道次渐进成形根据成形工具头的运动方式采用两种不同的成形方式,其第1道次和第2道次均采用自上而下的成形方式,而第3道次分别采用自上而下和自下而上两种不同的成形顺序进行模拟。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="51" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 由于多道次成形凸曲台件的底部发生了变形,故其理论壁厚值与单道次成形有所不同,即为:</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="52" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <div class="imgformula" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; width: 1552px;"> <img alt="" class="pFormula" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_05200.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -20px; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px; max-width: 80%; display: inline-block; height: 66px;" /> <p class="formula_seq" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle;"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="area_img" id="53" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图9 成形角θ=65°时多道次成形路径示意图" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_05300.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图9 成形角θ=65°时多道次成形路径示意图下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.9 Schematic diagrams of multi-pass forming path with forming angleθ=65°</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)2道次成形路径(b)3道次成形路径</p> <p class="img_note" style="padding: 0px 80px; margin: 5px 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> (a)Two-pass forming path(b)Three-pass forming path</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="55" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 4种不同成形方式经模拟得到的单元厚度分布情况,如图10所示。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="56" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图1 0 θ=65°时不同成形方式单元壁厚分布情况" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_05600.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图1 0 θ=65°时不同成形方式单元壁厚分布情况下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.10 Wall thickness distribution of element by different forming methods withθ=65°</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="57" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 从模拟结果可以看出,采用单道次成形切角为65°的凸曲台件侧壁出现了明显的减薄现象,而采用2道次渐进成形虽然中心底部区域发生了变形,但仍出现了壁厚减薄区域,故成形路径至少需要设计3个道次;而3道次渐进成形中,由于自下而上的成形方式可以使工件中心底部区域参与变形,从而抑制工件侧壁的过度减薄,能得到壁厚均匀的制件,而自上而下的成形方式的变形主要集中在工件的侧壁,从而导致壁厚出现不均现象。因此,3道次自下而上的成形方式获得制件的壁厚均匀性效果比自上而下成形方式获得的好。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="58" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> 由自下而上成形方式经实验所得凸曲台件,如图11所示。将实验所得制件通过测量其截面单元厚度,得到凸曲台件实验成形单元壁厚分布情况,如图12所示。从图12中可以看出,实验结果与模拟结果基本吻合,且其壁厚均在理论壁厚范围之内。</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="59" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图1 1 θ=65°时采用自下而上成形方式所得的工件实验照片" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_05900.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图1 1 θ=65°时采用自下而上成形方式所得的工件实验照片下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.11 Experiment picture of workpiece formed by bottom-up forming method withθ=65°</p> </div> <div class="area_img" id="60" style="padding: 10px 0px; margin: 10px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif; font-size: 16px;"> <img alt="图1 2 3道次自下而上成形方式的单元壁厚分布情况" src="http://kns.cnki.net//KXReader/Detail/GetImg?filename=images/DYJE201909006_06000.jpg&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldTTEYzVDhsN3hJSlNyNmp1TlVqR1lNK0hjNnUvdXN3ST0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; max-width: 50%;" /> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> 图1 2 3道次自下而上成形方式的单元壁厚分布情况下载原图</p> <p class="img_tit" style="padding: 0px; margin: 5px auto; line-height: 22px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; max-width: 60%;"> Fig.12 Wall thickness distribution of element formed by three-pass bottom-up forming method</p> </div> <h3 class="anchor-tag" id="61" name="61" style="padding: 0px; margin: 20px 0px 0px 20px; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: middle; width: 1474.39px; color: rgb(64, 146, 214); font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 40px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(64, 146, 214);"> 5 结论</h3> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="62" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> (1)若凸曲台件的成形角均小于壁厚均匀临界成形角,则采用单道次成形就可以获得壁厚均匀的制件。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="63" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> (2)当板厚为0.84 mm的1060铝板,成形工具头直径为Φ10 mm、轴向进给量为0.50 mm时,外轮廓支撑单道次渐进成形凸曲台件的壁厚均匀临界成形角θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">均匀</span>=52°。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="64" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> (3)外轮廓支撑单道次渐进成形凸曲台件壁厚均匀临界成形角θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">均匀</span>随着板料厚度的增加而增加;轴向进给量对θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">均匀</span>基本无影响;θ<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; font-size: 12px; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em;">均匀</span>随着成形工具头直径的增大而减小。</p> </div> <div class="p1" style="padding: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; width: 1474.39px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei", serif;"> <p id="65" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 32px; letter-spacing: 0.6px; text-align: justify; word-break: break-all;"> (4)采用多道次成形大切角凸曲台件,与2道次渐进成形相比,3道次自下而上渐进成形方式能获得壁厚更加均匀的凸曲台件。</p> </div> <br /> <div class="prevnext"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="col-md-6 c-line-clamp1"><a class='left' href='/xyzx/63.html'> 上一篇：激光激发超声波检测带涂层铝板的表面缺陷</a> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-right c-line-clamp1"><a class='right' href='/xyzx/65.html'> 下一篇：穿孔铝板幕墙在东非内马铁路车站施工中的应用</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="left left_menu pull-left"> <ul> <li><a href='/gsxw/'>公司新闻</a></li> <li><a href='/xyzx/' class='on'>行业资讯</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="clear"></div> <div class="footer-wrap" style="margin-top:40px"> <div class="footer"> <div class="fl footer-one"> <a href="/" title="网站首页" class="lo"> 上?？馍薪鹗艏庞邢薰?</a> <span class="dline"></span> <div class="ewm"> <span class="pic"><img src="/skin/images/wx.png" alt="二维码" title="二维码"/></span> </div> </div> <div class="fl footer-two"> <div class="footer-nav"> <p 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